Abstract
This thesis had three aims. They were to (1) study concepts of aesthetics, (2) study sculpture in Prasat Hin Phimai (Phimai rock castle), and (3) and analyze the concepts of aesthetics sculpture in Prasat HinPranomrung. The results were as follows:
The aesthetics was a philosophy from axiology philosophy which focused on the beauty and melody, especially the beauty of art for finding the criteria of beauty decision. There were three theories of beauty decision: objectivism, subjectivism, and relativism.
The sculpture of Phimai rock castle had the identity of beauty telling historical stories, beliefs, faith, and goodness of people in the historical age. The sculpture of Prasat HinPranomrung rock castle consisted of the beliefs both from Hindu and Mahayana Buddhism religion. There were three types of Phimai rock castle: round - relief, high relief, and bas relief.
According to the beauty existence of Prasat HinPranomrung castle from subjectivism theory, the aesthetics was considered as the quality of mind or the aesthetic response or receptor on only aesthetic material regardless of aesthetic quality. The aesthetic response was considered as the word “like, pleasure, and satisfaction”.
The objectivism considered that aesthetic value was aesthetic quality which originally came from the aesthetic material. Thus, the aesthetic quality was absolute, permanent, and consistent to the feeling or satisfaction of whom or other things.
The relativism considered that the criteria of beauty decision was not absolute, but it could change according the environment. This group had a similar idea as subjectivism. However, there was a difference because the relativism believed that the criterion of beauty decision was related to environment and local culture or topography, including weather of each area regardless of critic.
However, the sculpture beauty from Phimai rock castle was related to the religion belief. It could say that the existence of sculpture beauty from Phimai rock castle was goodness. The decision of existence or non-existence of beauty should consider the value of goodness. Thus, the sculpture beauty of Prasat HinPranomrung castle differed from western concepts. Moreover, the decision of beauty from these three theories might not be able to achieve the existence of beauty. The beauty of Prasat HinPranomrung castle did not have only aesthetic value, but also have metaphysics truth, and ethics goodness.
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